There are significant differences in the technical characteristics of different types of aquaculture ceiling ventilation windows, and their design needs to be adapted to the special requirements of the aquaculture environment, such as high humidity, high ammonia concentration, and meticulous control of temperature and humidity. The following compares and analyzes common types from the dimensions of core technology, ventilation efficiency, energy consumption, and applicable scenarios:
1、 Comparison by ventilation power classification
1. Natural ventilation window (non powered type)
Core technology: Relying on natural wind pressure (outdoor wind) and thermal pressure (indoor outdoor temperature difference) to drive air flow, usually using louver or grille structures, combined with insect proof (based on actual reports) nets and rainproof board designs.
Technical features:
Ventilation efficiency: The air exchange rate is greatly affected by the external environment (low efficiency when the wind speed is less than 2m/s), and the uniformity of air distribution is poor. The air exchange rate is usually ≤ 5 times/hour.
Energy consumption: No electricity consumption, relatively low operating costs.
Regulation accuracy: Relying on manual adjustment of the louver angle (or gravity based automatic opening and closing), it is impossible to control the ventilation volume in detail, and the temperature and humidity fluctuate greatly (above ± 3 ℃).
Corrosion resistance (based on actual reports): The material is mostly FRP (fiberglass) or PVC, resistant to ammonia and water vapor corrosion, with a lifespan of 5-8 years.
Maintenance cost: No mechanical components, only regular cleaning of insect proof nets and blinds (based on actual reports) is required, with an annual maintenance cost of less than 50 yuan/square meter.
Applicable scenarios: small-scale free range farming (such as farmers' cattle and sheep houses, free range duck farms), low-density farming, or as an auxiliary ventilation supplement (in conjunction with the main ventilation system).
2. Mechanical auxiliary ventilation window (power type)
Core technology: Built in small axial or centrifugal fans on the basis of natural ventilation structure, enhancing local airflow through mechanical power, and the fan can be manually adjusted.
Technical features:
Ventilation efficiency: The air exchange rate is stable (not limited by natural conditions), the air exchange rate can reach 8-15 times/hour, and the air disturbance is strong (local wind speed is 0.5-1.5m/s).
Energy consumption: Fan power of 50-200W per unit, moderate energy consumption (daily power consumption of 1-3 kWh per unit).
Regulation accuracy: The ventilation volume can be adjusted through the fan gear, with temperature and humidity fluctuations of ± 1-2 ℃, requiring manual intervention for adjustment.
Corrosion resistance (based on actual reports): The fan casing is made of 304 stainless steel, and the blades are made of engineering plastic. The corrosion resistance (based on actual reports) is better than that of natural ventilation windows, with a lifespan of 6-10 years.
Maintenance cost: Regular inspection of fan bearings and cleaning of blade dust are required, with an annual maintenance cost of 50-150 yuan per unit.
Applicable scenarios: Medium scale breeding (such as 500-2000 pig farms, small and medium-sized chicken coops), which require stable ventilation but do not require high automation requirements.
3. Intelligent temperature controlled ventilation window (automatic control type)
Core technology: Integrating temperature and humidity sensors, ammonia sensors, and electric actuators, automatically adjusting the louver angle/fan speed through PLC or IoT systems, and can be linked to devices such as heaters and wet curtains.
Technical features:
Ventilation efficiency: The air exchange rate can be dynamically adjusted as needed (10-25 times/hour), with high uniformity of air distribution (temperature difference ≤ 1 ℃), and can be directed to the animal activity area.
Energy consumption: including sensor energy consumption (5-10W) and variable frequency fan energy consumption (80-300W), the total energy consumption is relatively high (daily power consumption of 2-5 kWh/unit), but redundant energy consumption can be reduced through intelligent regulation.
Regulation accuracy: Real time response to environmental parameters (sensor accuracy ± 0.5 ℃, ± 2% RH), automatic opening and closing/speed regulation, support remote parameter setting, temperature and humidity fluctuations ≤ ± 0.5 ℃.
Corrosion resistance (based on actual reports): The sensor probe is coated with PTFE anti-corrosion (based on actual reports), and the body is coated with 316 stainless steel or FRP+anti-corrosion (based on actual reports). It is resistant to high concentrations of ammonia and water vapor and has a lifespan of 8-12 years.
Maintenance cost: Regular calibration of sensors, maintenance of motors and control systems are required, with an annual maintenance cost of 200-500 yuan per unit.
Applicable scenarios: Large scale high-density breeding (such as pig farms, broiler cage homes, and conservation homes), environmentally sensitive breeding stages (such as piglet delivery homes and chick rearing homes).
2、 Classification and comparison based on structural design
1. Loubet ventilation window
Core structure: Multiple sets of parallel louvers (manually/electrically adjustable angle 0-90 °), built-in insect proof (based on actual reports) mesh and rainproof baffle.
Advantages: Simple structure, easy to clean, low cost; The angle of the louvers can be adjusted to meet the needs of different ventilation directions.
Limitations: The air diffusion range is limited, which can easily form local airflow blind spots.
Typical application: The mainstream structure of natural ventilation windows and mechanical auxiliary ventilation windows.
2. Spherical swirl ventilation window
Core structure: spherical shell+built-in swirl blades, air spreads out 360 ° after rotating through the blades.
Advantages: Wide air supply range (covering radius of 3-5m), strong air disturbance, and better air exchange uniformity than louver type.
Limitations: Complex structure, high difficulty in cleaning; High resistance, requiring the use of high-power fans (with slightly higher energy consumption).
Typical application: An excellent model of intelligent temperature controlled ventilation window, suitable for high-density chicken coops, pig farms and other scenarios that require uniform ventilation.
3. Jet ventilation window
Core structure: Narrow air outlet+high-speed fan, forming directional jet (with a range of 5-8m), which can deliver detailed air to the target area.
Advantages: Good remote air supply capability, suitable for tall breeding spaces such as cattle sheds and large pig farms; Targeted regulation of local environment.
Limitations: Local wind speeds are relatively high (1.5-3m/s), and direct blowing of animals should be avoided to prevent stress; High energy consumption (fan power 150-500W).
Typical application: Auxiliary ventilation in high space breeding facilities, or coordinated with other ventilation windows to achieve layered ventilation.
4、 Selection suggestions
Small scale/extensive farming: Prioritize natural ventilation windows (louver type), paired with insect proof (based on actual reports) nets and rainproof designs to reduce initial investment and maintenance costs.
Medium scale/standardized farming: It is recommended to use mechanical assisted ventilation windows to stabilize air exchange through fans, balancing cost and environmental control requirements.
Large scale/high-density aquaculture: Intelligent temperature controlled ventilation windows are required, combined with an intermediate control system to achieve closed-loop control of temperature, humidity, and ammonia concentration, reducing animal stress and disease risks.
Special scenario adaptation: For tall spaces such as cowsheds, jet ventilation windows can be selected to enhance the air supply distance; High humidity environments (such as piglet pens) should prioritize 316 stainless steel or FRP materials to enhance corrosion resistance (based on actual reports).
By combining the scale of breeding, animal species (such as broiler chickens sensitive to ammonia and piglets sensitive to temperature differences), and environmental control objectives, detailed selection and effective application of ventilation windows can be achieved.
